BIOLOGY 325 -- PHYSIOLOGY
Semester: Spring 2004 Room: Rotunda D
Instructor: Henry Kayongo-Male Office: DM 312
Lectures: M W F, 7:00 - 7:50 Telephone: 688-4561 (V-mail)
Office Hours: 8 - 10 am on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays
Lab Work: All labs will be held in Ag Hall 334
T 8:00 - 10:50 Section 1L W 5:00 - 7:50 Section 14L
T 11:00 - 1:50 Section 2L Th 8:00 - 10:50 Section 7L
T 2:00 - 4:50 Section 3L Th 11:00 - 1:50 Section 8L
T 5:00 - 7:50 Section 13L Th 2:00 - 4:50 Section 9L
W 8:00 - 10:50 Section 4L F 11:00 - 1:50 Section 12L
W 11:00 - 1:50 Section 5L F 2:00 - 4:50 Section 10L
W 2:00 - 4:50 Section 6L
Text: Vander, Sherman and Luciano: Human Physiology -- 9th Edition
Kayongo-Male: Laboratory Guide to Mammalian Physiology – 3rd Edition
Kayongo-Male: Physiology Handouts/Notes
Objectives:
1. To introduce the student to the basic principles of the workings and control of mammalian organ systems.
2. To understand the physiological homeostatic mechanisms and how physiological regulatory mechanisms bring about the human body back in balance after some environmental or pathological disturbances.
3. To familiarize the student with a variety of laboratory techniques and equipment commonly used in physiology.
Attendance:
Students are expected to attend all classes and all labs. Class attendance will be checked regularly and will be used in deciding marginal grade situations. Labs will be graded and will contribute greatly to your final grade.
Examinations:
There will be four (4) one-hour test on February 6th, March 5th, April 2nd, and May 6th. There will be NO comprehensive final. The questions on all examinations will be mainly multiple choice type. Make-up examinations will ONLY be given to students with GENUINE excuses and the instructor will decide on the format of the test, and will have to be taken within the same week of the test. No make-up will be accepted thereafter.
Course Grades:
Four one-hour test @ 150 600 points
Laboratory work 200 points
Total 800 points
This means that: A (720 and above); B (640 - 719); C (560 - 639);
D (480 - 559); F (479 and below)
Academic Integrity: Read the attached departmental policy statement carefully.
Disabled Students: Students with disabilities should alert me and the Office of Disability Services (Rm 110, West Hall; phone # 688-4504).
Study Strategy for Mammalian Physiology:
1. Shoot for 100% class attendance.
2. Take lots of very good notes. Review and revise them preferably soon after class.
3. Using the lecture outline, read ahead. Do a preliminary reading of the textbook material on that subject before coming to the lecture.
4. Find some active ways of studying rather than passively reading over and over your lecture notes -flash cards, discs of the textbook, etc...
5. Consider forming a serious study group. You learn more by hearing concepts explained by your peers; and seeing how your peers study and prepare for the tests.
6. Always try and find the connection(s) between the lab and the lecture material. Lab exercises have been put together to complement your lecture material. Labs are supposed to help you understand better the concepts covered in the lectures.
7. Seek help EARLY from me or your Lab Instructor or your Lab Teaching Assistant or your fellow students if you are having problems. Remember seeking good help when in trouble is a vital survival skill in any aspect of life!
8. This another resource:
http://learn.sdstate.edu/nursing/Merlot_physiology.html
TENTATIVE SCHEDULE
The course is divided into 13 convenient units and each unit will be covered in 2-4 lectures. There will be 4 tests during the semester. Each test will cover about 3 units. The weekly labs are based on the topic covered in the course and are designed to help the student grasp and understand the principles involved in physiological processes. The page numbers following each lecture topic, are from Vander, Sherman and Luciano, 9th Edition.
LECTURE OUTLINE
Unit 1: Cell Physiology
1. Introduction to Mammalian Physiology (1-5)
2. Cell Structure (51-65)
3. Chemical Composition of the Body and Body Fluids (23-50)
4. Transmembrane Transport Systems (109-134)
Unit 2: Hematology
1. Blood Composition and Structure (449-454)
2. Blood Synthesis, Destruction and Hemostasis (454-465)
3. Blood and Immunology I (695-735)
4. Blood and Immunology II (695-735)
Unit 3: Homeostasis
1. Definition of Homeostasis (6-11)
2. Components of Homeostatic Systems (11-21)
3. Chemical Messengers (135-152)
Unit 4: Endocrinology
1. Hormones - Definition, Structure and Classes (331-346)
2. Hormones - Secretion and Regulation (331-346)
3. Hormones - Action and Function (355-373)
4. The Pituitary - Hypothalamic Complex (346-354)
Unit 5: Nervous System
1. Design of the Nervous System (153-160;189-204)
2. Membrane Potentials (160-171)
3. Impulse Transmission I (171-188)
4. Impulse Transmission II (171-188)
Unit 6: Muscle
1. Skeletal Muscle - Structure and Function (267-280)
2. Neuromuscular Junction and Muscle Energetics (280-301)
3. Smooth and Cardiac Muscle (302-312)
Unit 7: Cardiovascular System
1. Heart - Structure and Function I (375-401)
2. Heart - Structure and Function II (375-401)
3. The Vascular System (402-423)
4. Hemodynamics and Cardiac Problems (424-448)
Unit 8: Respiratory System
1. Structure and Mechanics of Respiration I (467-483)
2. Structure and Mechanics of Respiration II (467-483)
3. Gas Exchange and Transport (483-496)
4. Regulation of Respiration (496-506)
Unit 9: Urinary System
1. Kidney Structure and Function (513-528)
2. Regulation of Water and Salt Concentration (528-542)
3. Regulation of K+, Ca2+ and H+ ion Concentration (542-562)
Unit 10: Digestive System
1. Structure, Digestion and Absorption I (563-576)
2. Structure, Digestion and Absorption II (563-576)
3. Regulation of Secretions and Motility I (576-601)
4. Regulation of Secretions and Motility II (576-601)
Unit 11: Metabolism
1. Nutrient Utilization - Absorptive and Post-absorptive States (605-625)
2. Regulation of Metabolism (605-625)
Unit 12: Reproductive Physiology
1. Male Reproduction I (641-657)
2. Male Reproduction II (641-657)
3. Female Reproduction I (658-684)
4. Female Reproduction II (658-684)
Unit 13: Sensory Organs
1. The Skin - Structure, Function and Control (205-222)
2. The Eyes and Ears - Structure, Function and Control (222-230; 231-238)
3. The Chemical Senses of Smell and Taste (238-243)
PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY EXERCISES
Laboratory 1: General Physiology:
Microscopic Study of Cellular Components, Tissues, and Stages of Cell Division (Mitosis). Experiments in Osmosis.
Laboratory 2: Hematology I:
Determine Hematocrit, Red Blood Cell Count, and Hemoglobin Concentration. Calculating Wintrobe Indices. Microscopic Examination of Various Types of Anemia.
Laboratory 3: Hematology II:
Determining White Blood Cell Count and Staining Blood Slides for Differential White Blood Cell Count. Blood Typing. Microscopic Examination of Various Types of Leukemia.
Laboratory 4: Neurophysiology I:
Testing Cranial Nerve and Cerebellar Function; Testing Spinal Reflexes; Demonstration of the Adaptation of Skin Temperature Receptors.
Laboratory 5: Neurophysiology II:
Demonstrate the Use of the Oscilloscope. Study the Effects of Norepinephrine and Acetylcholine on Cardiac and Smooth Muscles. Study the Effects of Various Inorganic Ions and Temperature on Heart Function.
Laboratory 6: Muscle Physiology I:
Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle Motor Points. Demonstration of the Threshold and Maximal Stimuli, Graded Muscle Response and Staircase Phenomenon. Graded Muscle Response to Increased Frequency of Stimulation– Twitch, Summation, and Tetanus.
Laboratory 7: Muscle Physiology II:
Effect of Norepinephrine and Acetylcholine on Heart Rate. Demonstrating Starling’s Law of the Heart and the Non-Tetanization of Cardiac Muscles using Frogs.
Laboratory 8: Cardiology:
Determining Electrocardiograms (Before and after Exercise). Interpretation of ECG Waves and Intervals. Calculating Heart Rate using ECG Strips. Blood Pressure Measurements. Auscultation of the Heart for Cardiac Sounds by the Different Valves. Apical and Radial Pulses. Microcirculation Demonstration using a Frog Foot Web.
Laboratory 9: Respiratory System:
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities at Resting State and After Exercise. Dead-Space Volume and the Calculation of Alveolar Ventilation. Relationship between Height and Vital Capacity. Roles of Buffers in Acid-Base Balance.
Laboratory 10: Urinary System:
Renal Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance. Urinalysis for Various Urine Constituents. Microscopic Examination of Urinary Sediment.
Laboratory 11: Digestive System:
Defining the Optimum Conditions for the Digestion of Starch by Salivary Amylase; Protein by Pepsin; Fat by Pancreatic Lipase. Factors Effecting Saliva Secretion.
Laboratory 12: Sensory Systems:
Various Vision and Hearing Tests. Ophthalmoscopic Examination of the Eye. Otoscopic Examination of the Ear.
Laboratory 13: Reproduction:
Study of the Effects of Castration and Ovariectomy on the Male and Female Secondary Reproductive Structures. Histology of the Ovary, Sperm and Testis. BIOLOGY 325
LAB
JANUARY 2004